Go back to the first Endnotes page (chapters 0-4). Go back to the second Endnotes page (chapters 5-8).

CHAPTER 10
ENGINEERS AND ARTISTS

• 270 — All quotes are from the 1968 NATO software engineering conference report: P. Naur and B. Randell, eds., “Software Engineering: Report of a Conference Sponsored by the NATO Science Committee,” Garmisch, Germany, October 7-11, 1968 (Scientific Affairs Division, NATO, 1969). The 1969 conference report: B. Randell and J. N. Buxton, eds., “Software Engineering Techniques: Report of a Conference Sponsored by the NATO Science Committee,” Rome, Italy, October 27-31, 1969 (Scientific Affairs Division,NATO, 1970). Both reports and background material are available at http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/.

• 271 — The Texas dispute over programmers calling themselves engineers is chronicled in “An Engineer by Any Other Name: Legislature to Decide if Computer Programmers Can Legally Use the Title,” by R. G. Ratcliffe, Houston Chronicle, March 29, 2003.

• 272 — “Fully accepted that the term”: Brian Randell, “The 1968/69 NATO Software Engineering Reports,” at http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/NATOReports/index.html.

• 272 — “The phrase ‘software engineering’ was deliberately chosen”: 1968 conference report, p. 8.

• 272 — “Unlike the first conference”: Randell, “The 1968/69 NATO Software Engineering Reports.”

• 272 — “Bore little resemblance”: 1969 conference report, p. 8.

• 272 — Tom Simpson’s “Masterpiece Engineering” is at http://homepages.cs.ncl.ac.uk/brian.randell/NATO/NATOReports/index.html#Appendix.

• 273 — A definitive discussion of the art/science dichotomy can be found in the preface to Steven Johnson, Interface Culture (HarperEdge, 1997).

• 275 — For the etymology of “engineering,” see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering#Etymology and Webster’s New World Dictionary (Simon & Schuster,1984), p. 463.

• 275 — “A Software Engineer, a Hardware Engineer”: This joke is found in many locations online; for example: http://www.eff.org/Net_culture/Folklore/Humor/engineer.joke.

• 276 — “‘Software engineering’ is something”: L. Peter Deutsch, January 1999 ACM Fellow profile, at http://www.acm.org/sigsoft/SEN/deutsch.html.

• 277 — Physicists “deal with the absolute foundations”: Alan Kay, Turing Award lecture at OOPSLA Conference, October 2004. Video is available at http://www.acm.org/talks/AlanKay/KayTuring.htm.

• 277 — “Hopper believed that programming”: From her official biography page at http://www.hopper.navy.mil/grace/grace.htm.

• 278 — “Software as we know it” and “There are two meanings”: Charles Simonyi at “Programmers at Work Reunion” event, March 16, 2004, quoted in Scott Rosenberg, “Why Software Still Stinks,” Salon, March 19, 2004, at http://archive.salon.com/tech/col/rose/2004/03/19/programmers_at_work/index.html.

• 279 — “It’s something like an architect”: Clare Tristram, “Everyone’s a Programmer,” Technology Review, November 2003, at http://www.techreview.com/read_article.aspx?id=13377&ch=infotech.

• 279 — “Somebody once asked me”: Charles Simonyi interview with David Berlind, March 22, 2005, at http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/index.php?p=1190.

• 282 — “All non-trivial abstractions” and “Abstractions do not really”: Joel Spolsky, “The Law of Leaky Abstractions,” November 11, 2002, online at http://joelonsoftware.com/articles/LeakyAbstractions.html and also in Joel on Software (Apress, 2004), p. 197.

• 283 — “A well-known scientist”: Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time (Bantam, 1988), p. 1.

• 284 — Dr. Seuss, Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories (Random House, 1958).

• 284 — “If builders built houses”: Quotation widely attributed to Gerald Weinberg and confirmed in email to author.

• 285 — Description of Alan Kay’s presentation is from author’s observation at the O’Reilly Emerging Technology Conference (ETech), April, 2003. Lisa Rein recorded the event; see http://www.lisarein.com/alankay/tour.html.

• 286 — “We just don’t know how”: Kay, ETech talk.

• 286 — “If you look at software today”: From “A Conversation with Alan Kay,” ACM Queue, December 2004-January 2005, at http://acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=273&page=2.

• 287 — “You can make a doghouse”: Alan Kay, “The Computer Revolution Hasn’t Happened Yet,” keynote address at OOPSLA 1997, on the 25th anniversary of Smalltalk. Video available at http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2950949730059754521.

• 287 — “It’s all air and glass”: Kay, OOPSLA 1997 keynote.

• 288 — “We don’t have to build pyramids”: Kay, OOPSLA 2004 Turing Award lecture.

• 288 — “Someday, we’re going to invent”: Alan Kay group interview at ETech 2003.

• 288 — “Something like a computer”: Kay, OOPSLA 1997 keynote.

• 289 — “A reaction against the ‘Indo-European'” and “In computer terms, Smalltalk”: Alan Kay, “The Early History of Smalltalk,” ACM SIGPLAN 1993, at http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&id=155364.

• 289 — “I made up the term object-oriented”: Kay, OOPSLA 1997 keynote.

• 290 — “At PARC, our idea was”: “A Conversation with Alan Kay,” ACM Queue.

• 291 — “Von Neumann languages constantly keep”: John Backus, “Can Programming Be Liberated from the von Neumann Style?” 1977 Turing Award Lecture, Communications of the ACM, August 1978, at http://portal.acm.org/affiliated/citation.cfm?id=359579&dl=ACM&coll=ACM.

• 291 — “When you learn about computer science”: Jaron Lanier, quoted in Janice J. Hess, “Coding from Scratch,” Sun Developer Network, January 23, 2003, at http://java.sun.com/features/2003/01/lanier_qa1.html.

• 292 — “Gordian software”: Jaron Lanier, “Why Gordian Software Has Convinced Me to Believe in the Reality of Cats and Apples,” Edge.org, November 19, 2003, at http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/lanier03/lanier_index.html.

• 293 — “If you make a small change”: Lanier in Hess, “Coding from Scratch.”

• 293 — “The world as our nervous systems,” “Try to be an ever better guesser,” and “When you de-emphasize protocols”: Lanier, “Gordian Software.”

• 294 — “Very different and radical”: Jaron Lanier talk at Future Salon, April 20, 2004. Information at http://www.futuresalon.org/2004/04/full_salon_with.html. Video at http://www.archive.org/movies/details-db.php?collection=open source_movies&collectionid=FutureSalon_04_2004.

• 294 — “The moment programs grow beyond”: Lanier, “Gordian Software.”

• 294 — “Little programs are so easy”: Jaron Lanier talk at OOPSLA Conference, October 2004.

• 295 — Daniel Dennett’s critique of “Gordian Software” is at http://www.edge.org/discourse/gordian.html#dennett.

• 295 — “The fundamental challenge for humanity”: Jaron Lanier, interview with author, October 2005.

• 295 — “I’m just sick of the stupidity”: Jaron Lanier at OOPSLA 2004.

• 296 — “We are stuck with the evolutionary pattern”: Robert N. Britcher, The Limits of Software (Addison Wesley, 1999), p. 190.

• 296 — “Essential property” and following: Frederick Brooks, “No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering,” Computer 20:4 (April 1987), pp. 10-19.

• 297 — “Computer science is in deep trouble”: Gerald Jay Sussman, “Robust Design Through Diversity,” September 11, 1999, at http://www.mindfully.org/GE/Robust-Design-Diversity-Sussman.htm.

• 297 — David Lorge Parnas, “Software Aspects of Strategic Defense Systems,” Communications of the ACM, December 1985, and at http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=214961&coll=ACM&dl=ACM.

• 299 — “With code, the computer tells you”: Bill Joy in a 2004 New York Times interview by Jon Gertner, June 6, 2004.

• 299 — “My view is that we should”: Richard Gabriel in Janice J. Hess, “The Poetry of Programming,” Sun Developer Network, December 3, 2002, at http://java.sun.com/features/2002/11/gabriel_qa.html.

• 300 — “It is as if all writers”: From a slide set by Richard Gabriel called “Whither Software?” available at http://www.dreamsongs.com/Essays.html.

• 300 — “I think we need to be ashamed” and “Everything we’ve done”: Richard Gabriel talk at the Software Development Forum, Palo Alto, California, January 23, 2003.

• 302 — “Art meant something devised” and “The chief goal of my work”: Donald Knuth, “Computer Programming as an Art,” 1974 Turing Award lecture, in Communications of the ACM, December 1974.

• 303 — “Couldn’t stand to write books”: Donald Knuth quoted in Steve Ditlea, “Rewriting the Bible in 0’s and 1’s,” Technology Review, September-October 1999.

• 304 — “Beware of bugs in the above code”: Knuth explains the exact origins of the much-cited quote at http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/faq.html.

• 304 — “What were the lessons I learned”: Donald Knuth, Selected Papers on Computer Science (CSLI Publicational/Cambridge University Press, 1996), p. 161.

• 305 — “A longer attention span is needed”: Knuth, Selected Papers on Computer Science, p. 145.

• 306 — The information about the Piet Hein poem over Knuth’s entrance is from Ditlea, “Rewriting the Bible,” in Technology Review.

• 306 — “Instead of imagining that our main task”: From Donald Knuth, “Literate Programming (1984)” in Literate Programming, Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1992, p. 99, as cited at http://www.literateprogramming.com/.

• 307 — The “Linux kernel swear words” site is at http://www.vidarholen.net/contents/wordcount/.

• 308 — The comments by the authors of the MyDoom, Bagle, and Netsky viruses are reported in Iain Thomson, “Virus Writers Stage Online Slanging Match,” Vnunet.com, March 3, 2004, at http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2124482/virus-writers-stage-online-slanging-match.

• 308 — The Windows 2000 source code comments were reported in “We Are Morons: A Quick Look at the Win2k Source,” Kuro5hin, February 16, 2004, at http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/2/15/71552/7795.

CHAPTER 11
THE ROAD TO DOGFOOD

• 310 — “To be effective at any large software”: Jaron Lanier quoted in Janice Hess, “Coding from Scratch,” Sun Developer Network, January 23, 2003, at http://java.sun.com/features/2003/01/lanier_qa1.html.

• 314 — Ted Leung’s blog posting looking for a “hot shot Python hacker,” October 4, 2004, is at http://www.sauria.com/blog/2004/Oct/04.

• 314 — “I was recently looking at the source”: Phillip J. Eby, “Python Is Not Java,” blog posting on December 2, 2004, at http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html.

• 317 — “It is quite simply a thing of beauty”: Phillip Eby blog posting from February 15, 2005, at http://dirtsimple.org/2005/02/making-it-from-scratch-withtdd-and.html.

• 320 — The line counts for Chandler were made by OSAF interns Brendan O’Connor and Arel Cordero.

• 320 — The intern who compared joining Chandler to “moving to a new city” was Arel Cordero.

• 322 — “While one cannot rule out the possibility”: Ellen Spertus, “Why Are There So Few Female Computer Scientists?” MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Technical Report 1315, August 1991, at http://people.mills.edu/spertus/Gender/pap/pap.html. A more recent update, “What We Can Learn from Computer Science’s Differences from other Sciences,” is at http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/bcrw/womenandwork/spertus.htm.

• 328 — “This . . . is the whole world of programming” Alan Kay’s discussion of Lisp is in “A Conversation with Alan Kay,” ACM Queue, December 2004-January 2005, at http://acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=273.

• 328 — Douglas Hofstadter, Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (Basic, 1979).

• 329 — “Any recursive function will cause”: From Colin Allen and Maneesh Dhagat, LISP Primer, at http://grimpeur.tamu.edu/~colin/lp/node31.html. My discussion of the halting problem is indebted to David Harel’s lucid explanations in his book Computers Ltd.: What They Really Can’t Do (Oxford, 2000).

• 329 — “It is tempting to try and solve the problem”: David Harel, Computers Ltd., p. 53.

• 330 — “Dashes our hope for a software system”: Harel, Computers Ltd., p. 50.

• 331 — Hofstadter’s Law appears on p. 152 of his book, Godel, Escher, Bach.

• 333 — “When people ask me when”: Richard Stallman, quoted in Paul Jones, “Brooks’ Law and Open Source: The More the Merrier?” IBM Developer Works, May 1, 2000, at http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/os-merrier.html.

• 334 — Kapor’s blog posting on the new power of Web-based software: “When Browsers Grow Up,” January 2, 2005, at http://blogs.osafoundation.org/mitch/000812.html#000812.

• 335 — Jon Udell’s posting on the calendaring “train wreck” is at http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2004/12/09.html#a1130.

• 335 — Scott Mace’s Calendar Swamp blog is at http://calendarswamp.blogspot.com/.

• 336 — “I ran through a couple of crashers”: Philippe Bossut’s blog posting about dogfooding Chandler, from October 3, 2005, is at http://wp.osafoundation.org/2005/10/03/dogfooding-chandler/.

• 337 — “Software development lacks one key element”: Alan Cooper, The Inmates Are Running the Asylum (SAMS, 1999), p. 41.

• 337 — “Because the software is free”: Linus Torvalds, quoted in Robert Cringely, “How Microsoft’s Misunderstanding of Open Source Hurts Us All,” October 23, 2003, at http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/pulpit20031023.html.

• 340 — Firefox market share information is reported regularly at http://www.spreadfirefox.com/.

EPILOGUE
A LONG BET

• 347 — The Bay Bridge delays were widely covered in the California press; for example, John King, “Towering Question:Will It Finally Be Built?” San Francisco Chronicle, March 21, 2006, at http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/03/21/MNGD8HRJ761.DTL.

• 348 — “The hard thing about building software”: Frederick Brooks, “No Silver Bullet: “Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering,” Computer 20:4 (April 1987), pp. 10-19.

• 348 — “The machines will become more and more”: Freeman Dyson spoke at the O’Reilly Open Source Conference, Portland, Oregon, July 2004. Audio is available at http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail170.html.

• 349 — “Ultimately, information systems only give”: Jaron Lanier at OOPSLA 2004 Conference.

• 349 — Bill Gates in Singapore: Rohan Sullivan, “Gates Says Technology Will One Day Allow Computer Implants — but Hardwiring’s Not for Him,” Associated Press, July 5, 2005. Archived at http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/200507/msg00029.html.

• 350 — “Relief from the confusions of the world”: Ellen Ullman, The Bug (Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2003), p. 9.

• 352 — Kapor’s “Long Bet” with Ray Kurzweil is chronicled at http://www.longbets.org/1.

• 353 — “Radical transformation of the reality”: Kurzweil described his vision of the Singularity in a talk hosted by the Long Now Foundation, San Francisco, September 23, 2005. Video of the event is at http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=610691660251309257.

• 353 — “In the short term we always underestimate”: Kurzweil, Long Now Foundation talk.

• 354 — “As humans, we are embodied.”: Kapor’s essay accompanying the Long Bet is at http://www.longbets.org/1.